Abstract:
Prehypertension in adolescents is an increasingly recognized public health concern, reflecting the early onset of cardiovascular risk factors traditionally seen in adults. Defined as blood pressure levels between the 90th and 95th percentile for age, sex, and height, or ≥120/80 mmHg but below hypertensive thresholds, prehypertension serves as a precursor to sustained hypertension and associated cardiovascular morbidity.
The rising prevalence of prehypertension in adolescents is closely linked to lifestyle transitions, including sedentary behavior, unhealthy dietary patterns, increased screen time, and the growing burden of obesity. Epidemiological studies suggest that adolescents with prehypertension are at a significantly higher risk of progressing to hypertension in adulthood, along with early vascular changes such as endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness.
Clinical identification remains challenging due to the asymptomatic nature of the condition. Routine blood pressure screening in school health programs and outpatient settings plays a crucial role in early detection. Risk stratification should include assessment of body mass index, family history of hypertension, dietary habits, and physical activity levels.
Management primarily focuses on non-pharmacological interventions, including lifestyle modification such as regular physical activity, dietary salt restriction, weight management, and behavioral counseling. Pharmacological therapy is generally not indicated unless there is progression to hypertension or presence of comorbid conditions.
This presentation highlights current epidemiological trends, risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, and evidence-based preventive strategies for prehypertension in adolescents. Emphasis will be placed on the role of early intervention, school-based health initiatives, and policy-level actions to curb the future burden of cardiovascular diseases. Strengthening awareness among healthcare providers, parents, and adolescents is essential for timely intervention and long-term cardiovascular health promotion.
