Neonatal respiratory care has been characterized by tremendous technological advances over the past five decades. However, lost in the shuffle are some tried and true aspects of care that remain relevant but have fallen into disuse. This presentation will summarize the recent his [....] » Read More
Miscarriage and stillbirth are not rare events and losing a baby can have an overwhelming and long-term impact on parents, existing and subsequent children, and on wider family Potential parents’ feelings of devastation, intense grief, anxiety, guilt and self-blame and loss [....] » Read More
Miscarriage and stillbirth are not rare events and losing a baby can have an overwhelming and long-term impact on parents, existing and subsequent children, and on wider family Potential parents’ feelings of devastation, intense grief, anxiety, guilt and self-blame and loss [....] » Read More
The limbic system, crucial for emotions, memory, motivation, circadian rhythms, and behavior, is often affected in childhood developmental disabilities (CDD) like ADHD, autism (ASD), and mood disorders, showing altered structures (especially the amygdala and hippocampus) and conn [....] » Read More
1. Background: Neonatal sepsis is a time-critical condition in which delays in antibiotic administration are associated with increased morbidity and mortality¹. Guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and the British Association of Perinatal Medic [....] » Read More
Pediatric Chest Pain is a common clinical condition among the Pediatric population. Acute chest pain often results in presentation to urgent care or emergency services The recognition and treatment of emergent causes of pediatric chest pain is of utmost importance in improving cl [....] » Read More
Background: Rapid identification of pathogens in pediatric sepsis is critical for optimizing antimicrobial therapy and improving outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of the multiplex PCR-based BioFire® Blood Culture Identification 2 (BCID2) Panel on the [....] » Read More
Objectives: Neonatal bacterial meningitis (NBM) is a severe invasive infection of the central nervous system and a leading cause of early-life mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. Although its case-fatality ratio has declined over time, the burden of mortality a [....] » Read More
Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the Communication Observation Card (COC) for community-based identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders in children younger than two years of age. Methods: A prospective communi [....] » Read More
Pediatric thoracic infections remain a major cause of morbidity worldwide and represent a frequent indication for imaging evaluation. Accurate and timely diagnosis is essential for appropriate treatment and prevention of complications. Although chest radiography is commonly used [....] » Read More
Background: Malaria is an endemic disease that currently affect pregnant women and young children in low income countries and particularly West Africa region where only few of the countries carry high amount of the malaria global crisis due to its high transmission tropism during [....] » Read More
Background: Opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome (OMAS) is a rare, immune-mediated neurological disorder of childhood, frequently associated with neuroblastoma. Its clinical presentation may overlap considerably with infectious or autoimmune encephalitis, particularly during the [....] » Read More
Background: Neonatal jaundice remains one of the most common conditions requiring postnatal monitoring and treatment. Home-based phototherapy has increasingly been implemented within community neonatal services in the National Health Service as part of expanding “Hospital a [....] » Read More
Neonatal sepsis remains a critical public health concern in low- and middle-income countries such as Nepal, where limited neonatal care resources and delayed diagnosis contribute to significant morbidity. Although survival rates have gradually increased with improvements in neona [....] » Read More
Objective: To determine the frequency of predictors which are related to poor treatment outcomes in term newborns presenting with transient tachypnea during the first 24 hours of birth in the Emergency Department of Tertiary Care Hospital. Background: Maternal history of diabete [....] » Read More
Trigger: Late Preterm Infants (LPIs) (34-36 weeks gestation) require specialized support due to unique developmental challenges that increase readmission risks. The initial assessment identified significant variability in existing discharge methodologies across a Southeaster [....] » Read More
Background: Preterm neonates have a critically small circulating blood volume of 85–90 mL/kg. Early admission phlebotomy removes a significant proportion of this volume. Umbilical cord sampling (UCS) in place of admission phlebotomy is a practical blood-conservation strateg [....] » Read More
Background and aims: Perinatal asphyxia and neonatal encephalopathy remain leading causes for mortality and morbidity, urging markers of neurodevelopmental outcome in hypothermia-treated (HT) newborns. This study evaluated whether established clinical parameters and neuroimaging [....] » Read More
Research in the area of nutritional epigenetics involves the study of atoms in food that impact gene behavior. Prenatal co-exposures to heavy metals are known to cause changes in DNA methylation patterns which impact gene behavior in offspring. A recent literature review was cond [....] » Read More
Background: Early neurological assessment in infancy aims to identify infants at risk for Cerebral Palsy (CP) through the evaluation of tone, posture, and early motor patterns. Among these assessments, the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) is widely used as a sta [....] » Read More
Procedural pain and discomfort during pediatric medical interventions remain a significant challenge for healthcare providers and families alike. While clinical guidelines emphasize pain management and child-centered care, little is known about how parents cognitively frame these [....] » Read More
Objective: To investigate the effect of and Acupuncture on brain plasticity and motor development in children with cerebral palsy. Investigate effect on mechanism of apoptosis of brain nerve cells, regulating the expression of neurotrophic factors, promoting the remodeling of ner [....] » Read More
Acute respiratory infections are the leading group of illnesses with the highest morbidity and mortality rates in children under 5 years of age. Respiratory infections are divided into two types: upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections. Upper res [....] » Read More
Dental disease is the most prevalent non-communicable disease in the world, yet it remains among the most preventable. The central challenge is not treatment, it is reach. Clinical services, however well-resourced, cannot keep pace with the scale of need in underserved communitie [....] » Read More
Envisaging preventive strategies into pediatric care is key to better child health outcomes. In this context, it is pertinent to note that pediatric health care (a field of medical specialty focusing on the health of individuals from birth until the age 18 or 21 years) has e [....] » Read More
Despite the fact that breathing clean air is a basic human right, air pollution (defined as “contamination of the indoor or outdoor atmosphere by harmful substances”) has become a major global threat to human health and well-being. Poor air quality has impact o [....] » Read More
Prehypertension in adolescents is an increasingly recognized public health concern, reflecting the early onset of cardiovascular risk factors traditionally seen in adults. Defined as blood pressure levels between the 90th and 95th percentile for age, sex, and height, or ≥120/8 [....] » Read More
Case report: A 14 month-old boy was referred from primary health care center to our outpatient clinic with history of empty right hemi-scrotum since birth. On examination, the right hemiscrotum was undeveloped and the right testis was impalpable. The left testis was normally [....] » Read More
Newborn metabolic screening had its origin in the 1960s with the introduction of the Guthrie Bacterial Inhibition Assay (BIA) for PKU. For nearly 20 years, the BIA was used to screen for PKU plus a number of additional disorders including maple syrup urine disease, tyrosinemia, a [....] » Read More
Child mental health is essential for emotional regulation, social interaction, learning capacity, and overall wellbeing. Childhood emotional and behavioral disorders are increasingly recognized as major public health concerns worldwide, affecting children’s academic perform [....] » Read More
Introduction: Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive DNA repair disorder characterized by extreme photosensitivity and a markedly increased risk of cutaneous malignancies. Pediatric presentations with multiple synchronous malignant transformations are exceptiona [....] » Read More
Breast milk is the optimal nutritional source for preterm infants, providing unique bioactive components, immune factors, and growth nutrients that are irreplaceable by formula milk, and is closely associated with reduced incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and other [....] » Read More
The world health organization recommends the use of Pyrazinamide for first line antituberculosis drug for the treatment of TB. Developing age-appropriate dosage forms is critical for effective pharmaceutical therapy, particularly chronic conditions like paediatric Tuberculosis (T [....] » Read More
Title : Physiological transition and resuscitation at birth
David J R Hutchon, Memorial Hospital, United Kingdom
Up to 10 percent of babies require assistance at birth to commence breathing. This has been traditionally carried out away from the mother after the umbilical cord has been clamped. Early cord clamping was a routine at most births until ten years ago and remains common in any bab [....] » Read More
Title : “To sleep… perchance to dream!” A consideration of the role of sleep in the health trajectories of children and young people
Heather Hanna, Imperial College, United Kingdom
It is often a surprise to healthcare professionals that the area of sleep is still fairly poorly understood and usually not well taught in our undergraduate curricula, if it is taught at all. There are varying definitions of sleep, but we are all aware of what the lack of good qu [....] » Read More
Title : The biological value of proteins for pediatric growth and development: Advances and criticisms
Marlene Fabiola Escobedo Monge, Valladolid University, Spain
In personalized nutrition, it is essential to account for the biological value of protein sources that underpin children’s growth and developmental needs. Although sufficient protein intake is fundamental for optimal physical and cognitive development, excessive intake may [....] » Read More
Title : Bridging the gap between early detection of autism prodrome in infants, assessment and intervention
Hanna A Alonim, The Mifne Center and Bar Ilan University, Israel
The worldwide prevalence of autism points out of 2% of the population. Very early intervention may minimize the severity of the phenotypic presentation of autism during infancy when neural connections are being rapidly developed. However, intervention is contingent upon a diagnos [....] » Read More
Title : Personalized and Precision Medicine (PPM) as the unique healthcare model to secure the national health and wellness: From family planning and gestation period through human biosafety
Sergey Suchkov, N. D. Zelinskii Institute for Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
A new systems approach to diseased states and wellness result in a new branch in the healthcare services, namely, personalized & precision medicine (PPM). PPM as being the Grand Challenge to forecast, to predict and to prevent is rooted in a big and a new science generated by [....] » Read More
Title : The term rare or orphan disease: The diagnostic bias toward severe phenotypes
Ali Al Kaissi, Ilizarov Institute Traumatology and Orthopedics, Russian Federation
Organizations such as the European Medicines Agency and the U. S. Food and Drug Administration define orphan diseases mainly based on prevalence of diagnosed cases and the severity of the classic phenotype. Rare or Orphan disease, is a common term in practice, rare disease is onl [....] » Read More
Title : Knowing what’s best: When autonomy meets safeguarding
Adonna Francis, Imperial College, United Kingdom
In a multicultural society with differing health beliefs and literacies, we can come across situations where parents and caregivers wish to seek solutions outside of our medical paradigms and evidence-based medical treatments. What are the ethical, legal and moral considerations [....] » Read More
Title : Knowing what’s best: When autonomy meets safeguarding
Heather Hanna, Imperial College, United Kingdom
In a multicultural society with differing health beliefs and literacies, we can come across situations where parents and caregivers wish to seek solutions outside of our medical paradigms and evidence-based medical treatments. What are the ethical, legal and moral considerations [....] » Read More
Title : Teaching fiberoptic-assisted tracheoscopy in very low birth weight infants: A randomized controlled simulator study
Monika Anna Margarete Wolf, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
Objective: We developed a fiberoptic-assisted tracheoscopy (FAST) method to avoid direct laryngoscopy during surfactant replacement therapy and compared two training approaches on a very low birth weight (VLBW) infant simulator. Design: This prospective randomized controlled s [....] » Read More
Title : Protecting future fertility: Pediatric conditions that shape adult male reproductive health
Anil Kumar Sah, Nepal Mediciti Hospital, Nepal
Background: Male reproductive health is established during fetal life and continues to evolve throughout childhood and adolescence. Increasing evidence demonstrates that many cases of adult male infertility originate from pediatric conditions that are potentially preventable or t [....] » Read More
Title : Summary of diagnostic experience for anomalous origin of the coronary arteries
Ning Ma, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, China
Objective: To summarize the diagnostic experience of echocardiography in pediatric patients with anomalous origin of the coronary arteries (AOCA), with a focus on identifying characteristic imaging features, analyzing the causes of missed diagnosis, and exploring strategies to im [....] » Read More
Title : Current challenges and future directions in neonatal care in developing countries
Muhammad Tahir Nadeem, DHA Hospital, Pakistan
Neonatal health continues to be a major public health priority worldwide, particularly in developing countries where healthcare resources are often limited. Despite significant advances in neonatal medicine, neonatal mortality and morbidity remain substantial challenges due to pr [....] » Read More
Title : Artificial intelligence assisted diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart disease
Xin Zhang, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, China
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a prevalent condition affecting infants and children worldwide, and it is the most common type of birth defect in China. But the shortage of pediatric doctors and the uneven distribution of medical resources in China have led to the lack of an ef [....] » Read More
Title : Ecological determinants of neonatal and pediatric health in Epworth, Zimbabwe
Fortunate Madondo, University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
Neonatal and pediatric health outcomes in peri-urban informal settlements are shaped by complex, interrelated ecological factors. This study examines how economic hardship, early pregnancies, and survival-driven transactional sex influence child health outcomes in Epworth, Zimbab [....] » Read More
Title : Acute gastrointestinal injury in children on ECMO: An analysis of risk factors
Taining Zhang, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, China
Objective: To investigate the risk factors associated with acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy in pediatric patients. Methods: This retrospective study included 62 pediatric patients who were treated with E [....] » Read More
Title : Beyond iron deficiency: The hidden burden of inherited hemoglobin disorders in childhood anaemia
Md Moniruzzaman Mollah, Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College, Bangladesh
Background: Anaemia remains a major public health challenge among children under five years of age in low-resource settings including Bangladesh. While nutritional deficiencies are widely recognized as primary causes, the contribution of inherited haemoglobin disorders to th [....] » Read More
Title : Ethics of pediatric practice in times of political upheaval, conflict, and social change: Lessons from a lifetime in Ukraine
Nina Kravtseniuk, Zhashkiv Central District Hospital, Ukraine
Pediatricians practice at the intersection of medical science, community trust, and societal change. Over a 35-year career as a chief pediatrician in central Ukraine, I worked through late-Soviet state medicine, the transition to independence, economic instability, multiple waves [....] » Read More
Title : A pediatric case of systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with multiple metabolic crises
Khalid Hussin, Hevi Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Iraq
Background and Aims: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in children is a rare but severe autoimmune disease with a higher rate of organ involvement and complications compared to adults. Metabolic emergencies as the initial or concurrent presentation of pediatric SLE are uncommon [....] » Read More
Title : Psychometric properties of the Persian version of child sensory profile-2 in children with cerebral palsy
Navid Mirzakhani Araghi, University of Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Objectives: The focus on children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) has mostly been on its postural, balance, and movement constraints. However, another factor that affects children’s daily functioning the manifestation of sensory processing irregularities and disorders. A standard [....] » Read More
Title : Translation and psychometric properties of the autism screening instrument for educational planning 3 in Persian (Farsi)
Navid Mirzakhani Araghi, University of Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that restricts participation in normal life activities. A critical challenge is the early identification and intervention of children with autism spectrum disorder, which is essential for enhancing the qualit [....] » Read More
Title : Nutritional status and cognitive value of egg white, egg yolk whole egg based complementary food and infectious disease
Ibironke Samson Ishola, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
Eggs are functional foods that containing nutritional additives that is promoted as being beneficial to health and able to prevent or reduce infectious diseases that result in mortality and morbidity of mother and children during pre- and post-natal. Prominent among animal protei [....] » Read More
Title : Brevundimonas vesicularis sepsis in a 2-month-old infant in rural Gambia: A case report
Molfa Minteh, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Gambia
Background: Brevundimonas vesicularis, a Gram-negative bacillus and non-lactose fermenter, is primarily found in both clinical and environmental samples. Although it rarely causes infections and is typically regarded as an opportunistic pathogen, it has been associated with cases [....] » Read More
Title : Scoliosis care: Where anatomy and psychology intersect
Michael Ginzburg, University of California Davis Healthcare System, United States
Background: At the time of the intake, the patient was a 14-year-old Risser 1 female at the 91st percentile for height, presenting with a 39 degree thoracic curve spanning T5-T12 with an apex at T5 and 29 degree lumbar curve spanning T12 to L4 with an apex of L2, complicated by p [....] » Read More
Title : Early predictors of orthotic effectiveness for full-time scoliosis TLSO cases
Michael Ginzburg, University of California Davis Healthcare System, United States
Scoliosis is a tri-planar condition of the spine that often requires multidisciplinary conservative outpatient treatment. The medical and allied health clinicians involved have their own workflows, schedules, concerns, and logistics with the patients and their families greatly be [....] » Read More
Title : Multidisciplinary QI collaboration in decreasing pediatric unplanned extubation
Yu Kawai, Mayo Clinic Children's, United States
Introduction: Unplanned Extubations (UE) are common, preventable adverse events in the neonatal and Pediatric intensive care units that can cause serious complications. Risk factors include inadequate sedation, poor ETT securement, clinician inexperience, and high staff workload. [....] » Read More
Title : If in doubt, choose change
Rohit Kumar, James Cook Hospital, United Kingdom
Antibiotics are administered to many preterm newborns and to a substantial proportion of term infants in the hours after birth due to risk for early-onset sepsis. The approaches taken to determine which newborns should be evaluated for early-onset sepsis, and what type and durati [....] » Read More
Title : Obstetric Neonatal Interest Teaching (ONIT): Multi-disciplinary learning in perinatal medicine
Evangelia Myttaraki, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
Interprofessional education is essential in perinatal medicine, where diverse professionals must collaborate to meet the urgent and complex needs of perinatal care. To address this, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust launched ‘Obstetric Neonatal Interest Tea [....] » Read More
Title : Are we managing the well, jaundiced baby as efficiently as we can? A retrospective evaluation of babies referred to the nurse-led prolonged jaundice clinic between January 2022-October 2024
Mai Nhu Lu, Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital, United Kingdom
Neonatal jaundiced due to elevated bilirubin levels is common and often self-limiting. However, Prolonged Jaundice (PJ) may indicate underlying conditions like metabolic or hepatic disorders which require prompt screening. The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NIC [....] » Read More
Title : The protective role of mindful self-care in maternal quality of life among mothers of children with congenital heart defects
Semyon Melnikov, Tel Aviv University, Israel
Background: Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) are the most common type of birth defects and represent a significant cause of morbidity worldwide. Beyond the medical challenges, caring for a child with a CHD may impose a substantial burden on parents, particularly mothers, and adver [....] » Read More
Title : Do retinoids belong in the world of pediatric dermatology? - A systematic review
Gayathri Pramil Menon, Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia
Background and Aims: Retinoids, which are related to vitamin A, comprise a significant portion of dermatological treatments because they can alter the growth, development, and response of keratinocytes to inflammation. Because children are physiologically different from adults, a [....] » Read More
Title : Weight awareness among parents and health care providers in Sharjah, UAE
Naguib M Abdelreheim, University Hospital Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Background: This study looks at weight perception among parents and health care providers in Sharjah, UAE. Methods: This study was done through reviewing 1000 patients files who visited the paediatric OPD in university hospital Sharjah (UHS) during 2015. The files were reviewed f [....] » Read More
Title : Bringing the promise of Personalized and Precision Medicine (PPM) to rare and orphan disorder care: How to use the latter to revolutionize pediatric services
Sergey Suchkov, N. D. Zelinskii Institute for Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
The greatest challenge of Personalized and Precision |Medicine (PPM) is to optimize pre-early (subclinical) diagnostics, predictive and prognostics procedures, and to identify curative therapies for every disease in a personalized way so that every individual gets benefit. To tha [....] » Read More
Title : Evaluation of different treatment modules for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm neonates
Rajeev Kumar Mittal, SDS Global Multi-Speciality Hospital and Sanjivani Medical Center, India
As per Indian statistical data neonatal mortality rate is very high (32%) especially because of prematurity. Premature neonatal mortality rate due to RDS is very high i.e.75%. Such preterm neonates with RDS require surfactant therapy and ventilator support quite frequently. This [....] » Read More
Title : Improving breastfeeding rates at discharge from Russells Hall Neonatal Unit: A quality improvement project at a district general hospital
Olivia Abrams, Russells Hall Hospital, United Kingdom
The benefits of breastfeeding to the newborn infant are long-established, and the administration of human milk is considered the gold standard for infant feeding universally. Human milk is specifically designed to pass on specific antibodies from mother to child, and new evidence [....] » Read More
Title : Association of endotracheal tube suctioning burden in the first 72 hours with severe brain injury in extremely preterm neonates
Mohamed Zubi, University of Galway, Canada
Background and aims: Severe brain injury (SBI) is a major morbidity among extremely preterm neonates. Endotracheal tube (ET) suctioning has been implicated in cerebral hemodynamic changes that may precede SBI detected by cranial ultrasound. It remains unclear whether frequent ET [....] » Read More
Title : Vaccine co-administration in babies in the Lombardy region (Italy): An effective way to improve coverage
Veronica Deysi Genoveva Colombo, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Italy
Background: In European after pandemic period for SARS Covid 2019-2023 we are encountered serious complications and mortality data associated with infectious diseases increase with age. Vaccination against influenza and Covid (annually) are recommended for children and specific r [....] » Read More
Title : The Association between the use of cord blood procalcitonin and the diagnosis of early onset sepsis in very low birthweight neonates admitted at the neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital
Joan Pauline U Cinco, Quirino Memorial Medical Center, Philippines
Background: Sepsis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonate, especially in premature infants. In recent years, studies have shown that serum procalcitonin (PCT) may be of value as an early marker of neonatal sepsis when taken at the onset of clinical signs [....] » Read More
Title : Protocol and initial results for a multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial of the inhaled ?2-adrenergic receptor agonist salbutamol for transient tachypnoea of the newborn (The REFSAL trial)
Dominika Paw, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
Background: Transient Tachypnoea of the Newborn (TTN) is the most common cause of neonatal respiratory distress and results primarily from delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid. Although usually self-limiting, TTN may progress to severe complications such as persistent Pulmonary [....] » Read More
Title : Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: How contemporary classification shapes management and outcomes
Oluwaseun Mustapha, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic neonatal lung disease characterized by impaired alveolar and vascular development and persistent respiratory dysfunction in preterm infants. Recent shifts from the historical, injury based definition toward a classification emphasizin [....] » Read More
Title : Early-onset streptococcus agalactiae meningitis: A sentinel event of prenatal screening failure
Avila Elizabeth, National University of Tucuman, Argentina
Background: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) remains the leading cause of Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis (EOS). While universal screening-based Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis (IAP) has successfully reduced EOS incidence by over 80%, barriers to prenatal care [....] » Read More
Title : Antenatally detected urological abnormalities: A single-centre audit of guideline compliance with postnatal follow-ups
Isabella Booth, Whiston Hopsital, United Kingdom
Background: Timely postnatal imaging and prophylactic antibiotics are essential in reducing renal injury and long-term morbidity of antenatally detected Urological abnormalities. This audit assessed compliance with three standards: i)Appropriate scan request timing; ii)Scan compl [....] » Read More