Abstract:
In personalized nutrition, it is essential to account for the biological value of protein sources that underpin children’s growth and developmental needs. Although sufficient protein intake is fundamental for optimal physical and cognitive development, excessive intake may accelerate linear growth and increase the long-term risk of overweight and obesity. Compared to Animal-Based Proteins (ABPs), Plant-Based Proteins (PBPs) carry a higher risk of nutrient deficiencies in vulnerable populations due to lower digestibility and incomplete amino acid profiles.
Plant-forward dietary patterns are often promoted for environmental sustainability, particularly to mitigate the ecological burden of livestock production. Nonetheless, we need to adjust protein intake based on age, sex, health status, and contextual factors. Nutritional strategies must ensure an adequate supply of essential amino acids and proper micronutrient supplementation, regardless of whether children follow diets rich in ABPs, PBPs, or a combination of both. Attention to these dimensions is crucial for achieving nutritional adequacy while aligning with long-term health and sustainability objectives.
Public health strategies must be context-dependent, prioritizing nutritional sufficiency and equity rather than broad, ideology-driven recommendations. Neglecting socioeconomic and nutritional constraints risks implementing poorly targeted policies that may ultimately be detrimental. Dietary guidelines and food-system actions must address not only the longterm consequences of excess in high-resource environments but also the immediate threats posed by nutrient deficiencies in at-risk populations.
International guidance on protein intake must therefore be rigorous, evidence-based, and attuned to social realities. Overlooking these factors risks perpetuating nutritional disparities and diminishing the effectiveness of global food and health initiatives. International institutions need to reassess whether existing frameworks are suitable for these standards or risk repeating ineffective interventions, despite good intentions. Substantial challenges persist in translating this body of knowledge into personalized nutritional recommendations, particularly for pediatric populations and those living in nutritionally vulnerable conditions.
