Introduction: The worldwide prevalence of autism points out of 2% of the population. Although we still lack biological markers for autism, there is evidence of autism-related patterns of behavior as early as the first year of life. On the other hand, there is still much kno [....] » Read More
Globally, mental health disorders are among the leading causes of disability in children and adolescents, with depression, anxiety, and behavioral disorders affecting an estimated 1 in 7 young people (1). The rapid rise in environmental, social, and technological stressors, inclu [....] » Read More
The benefits of exercise for improving physical and mental health are well known; but it could be argued that we are not using it as a therapeutic intervention as well as we could. The rates of mental health conditions, particularly anxiety and depression, in our young adult popu [....] » Read More
Objective: To explore the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), identifying key trends in AI-driven technologies and their roles in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of neonatal conditions. Methods: A PRISMA-guided systematic r [....] » Read More
Neonates, particularly preterm infants, maintain a delicate balance between oxygen supply and consumption due to their underdeveloped organs. Ensuring normoxia in premature infants is crucial, given their immature antioxidant systems. Furthermore, neonatologists still face uncert [....] » Read More
The gut microbiome is a dynamic environment, seeded during infancy, that stimulates the immune response and supports healthy human development. The microbial flora in the newborn's gut is influenced by many factors, including maternal microbiota, mode of delivery (cesarean vs [....] » Read More
The appearance of jaundice in every newborn, regardless of gestational age, which lasts 14 days (even though they are breastfeeding)should be examined for differential diagnosis.The examination involves initial, basal laboratory analyzes (conjugated bilirubin, aminotra [....] » Read More
The presentation will focus on the development and implementation of an action-research-based breastfeeding guidance program aimed at improving maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. Using action research, the program was constructed, refined, and evaluated through iterative cycle [....] » Read More
Objective: To construct a scoring system based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and blood biochemical parameters, and to evaluate its value in the diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA). Methods: This study included 79 neonates and infants confirmed with BA or non- [....] » Read More
Background: Prematurity is one of the primary causes of infant death in Afghanistan, and it complicates a variety of critical issues, such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Although RDS has been associated with serious consequences, there is a lack of scientific information [....] » Read More
Corrosive agent ingestion remains a significant pediatric health concern, leading to severe morbidity and potential mortality. Young children, particularly those under five years old, are at heightened risk due to their natural curiosity, limited risk perception, and exploratory [....] » Read More
Objective: To develop and internally validate a prediction model examining the use of neonatal risk factors to predict neonatal mortality in infants with neonatal encephalopathy requiring therapeutic hypothermia using national-level data. Methods: We used maternal and neonatal d [....] » Read More
Background: Kawasaki Disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of childhood and the leading cause of acquired heart disease. Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) remains the most serious complication. Data on the long-term outcomes of CAAs remains limited. Objective: We aim to analyze [....] » Read More
Background and aim: Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is an inherited disorder caused by a congenital chromosomal abnormality caused by the presence of an extra chromosome for the 21st pair. The incidence is about 1 in 770 births, all pregnancies combined, and varies according to t [....] » Read More
Background and aim: Perinatal asphyxia is the inability of newborns to initiate and maintain effective breathing at birth. It is a common neonatal problem globally that contributes significantly to newborn morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries, with dif [....] » Read More
Background: Feeding problems in small infants are extremely common; they are usually assessed by trained clinical observers. We describe a small device that captures continuous sucking pressures that can be used to provide information about a number of oral physiologic parameters [....] » Read More
High Frequency Jet Ventilation (HFJV) is a form of mechanical ventilation that delivers tiny gas volumes (less than the anatomical dead space) at rapid rates. It has been used extensively in the United States and to a lesser extent in Australia to treat neonatal respiratory failu [....] » Read More
The Newborn Nursery Clinical Experience is an innovative, early exposure for medical students to the hospital setting and family medicine. Early in their second year, our medical students are immersed into the Newborn Nursery, while also experiencing the neonatal intensive care u [....] » Read More
The prevalence of autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) varies geographically and is increasing worldwide. Numerous factors are involved in the epigenetic inheritance of these disorders to include nutritional deficits and prenatal exposures to chemicals in t [....] » Read More
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) affect up to 1% of all live births. They are responsible for neurodevelopmental delays initially attributed to brain damage resulting from heart surgery. Subsequently, a growing number of studies have reported that prenatal imaging can detect brain [....] » Read More
Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a series of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social disorders, rigid behaviors and narrow interests.The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the prevalence of ASD has been increasing over the past 50 year [....] » Read More
Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a genetic disorder characterized by mutations in the NF1 and NF2 genes, leading to tumor formation, nerve damage, and significant patient morbidity. Despite advances in targeted therapies, treatment responses remain highly variable, and there is a lack o [....] » Read More
Due to the lack of studies examining trauma-related injury and fatality trends and their implications on pediatric populations, this study aimed to address the gap in research and to identify the magnitude and the impact of unintentional injuries by exploring trends in trauma cas [....] » Read More
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) affects approximately one in every 1000 live births, representing the leading cause of death, severe neurological morbidity, and seizures in full-term neonates worldwide, and causing up to 20% of cases of cerebral palsy. It’s been almo [....] » Read More
Introduction: Emergence delirium (ED) is described as a motor agitation state with restlessness, and disorientation, thrashing around and shouting or screaming. [1] The average, estimated incidence of emergence delirium ranges between 20-80%. [2] Multiple factors pertaining [....] » Read More
Background: Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) continues to pose a critical threat to newborns, particularly those born preterm or with very low birth weight. The first 72 hours of life are decisive, yet clinicians must often rely on nonspecific signs and delayed diagnostics. [....] » Read More
For the past several decades, abdominal/pelvic prenatal ultrasonography (P-USG) has been the most significant technology used in obstetrics. There has been a tremendous increase in use throughout the world and there have been many improvements in the technology used. However, the [....] » Read More
Dermatoglyphic patterns are defined as lines formed by the arrangement of epidermal structures on the inner surface of the hands and feet. Epidermal patterns first emerge in the sixth week of gestation and, once established, remain static throughout an individual's lifetime w [....] » Read More
Background: Pediatric sepsis is a life-threatening condition, with extremely high incidence and mortality among critically ill children worldwide.Patients with septic shock are susceptible to intestinal complications due to altered blood flow distribution, and these complications [....] » Read More
According to WHO statistics, the incidence of infertility has increased in recent years, with 1 in 6 couples currently affected. Sociocultural trends have led to a growing need for and use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), resulting in a rising number of live births co [....] » Read More
In pediatric ages it often happens that congenital anatomical abnormalities, or a certain condition of the child debut with parenchymal pulmonary changes as a result of external compressions of the pulmonary airway. When children present to the pediatric hospital with recurrent r [....] » Read More
Multiparametric ultrasound examinations in pediatric age groups are challenging both in terms of obtaining consent for their study and in their use. Another important challenge in this field is the definition of criteria that may be different from adult criteria both in terms of [....] » Read More
COL4A5 gene variant could induced the X-linked Alport syndrome 1, dominant inheritance (XLAS1; OMIM #301050). Based on HGMD, the splicing changes could be estimated to make up 22.8% of COL4A5, among which the intron variants contributed a lot. The splicing changes can be identifi [....] » Read More
Immunization remains one of the most cost-effective public health interventions, saving millions of lives from preventable diseases and disabilities. Vaccination schedules vary by age, with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, recommending complete immu [....] » Read More
Objectives: Infertility is a major public health problem globally, including India; the etiopathogenesis of reproductive disorders amongst ethnically disparate populations is indeed complex. Cost-effective, evidence-based intervention strategies are essential for infertility cont [....] » Read More
Aims: Online support communities are popular among parents in developing countries looking for resources on development in infancy and childhood. This perspective article describes parent’s utilization of a Facebook community managed by professionals trained in early childh [....] » Read More
Pediatric nutrition plays a critical role in the healthy development and growth of children, influencing both immediate well-being and long-term health outcomes. However, food insecurity—defined as the lack of consistent access to sufficient, nutritious food—poses a s [....] » Read More
Background: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is one of the most common types of brain injury in preterm infants, which affects 15-20%, with potential long-term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.1 The pathogenesis of IVH is attributed to intrinsic fragility of germinal mat [....] » Read More
Introduction: The medical use of ionizing radiation has expanded worldwide. Advanced imaging technology has opened new horizons to diagnostics and improved patient care. Radiation is energy emitted in the form of waves or particles, transmitted through an intervening medium or sp [....] » Read More
Background: Anaemia is serious public health problem affecting nearly 42% of children less than 5 years of age globally. In Cote d`Ivoire, 72% of the children aged 6-59 months were anemic in 2019. Anemia is defined as a reduction in the hemoglobin level in the peripheral blood be [....] » Read More
Hepatoblastoma, though rare among pediatric cancers, is the most common pediatric liver cancer, and has seen significant advancements in diagnosis and treatment. Treatment strategies differ internationally. Complete surgical resection of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, follow [....] » Read More
Liver related cancer and cirrhosis mortality rates have been reduced globally by the Hepatitis B vaccine however decay still happens. We aimed at determining the prevalence of breakthrough HBV infections (Exposure, Acute and chronic infections) and the prevalence of protective le [....] » Read More
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine, that elaborates on many issues related to health, disease, treatment of diseases, and prevention of diseases. In this regard, Ayurveda explained several principles and conducts for healthy progeny and the birth of a healthy child. Despit [....] » Read More
Fetal hemolysis is caused by maternal antibodies that cross the placenta. Anti-M antibodies can rarely cause severe forms of alloimmunization in the fetus and newborn. We present a case of severe anti-M alloimmunization requiring a total of 8 intrauterine transfusions, in a patie [....] » Read More
The relationship between infantile sternotomies/thoracotomies and the risk of developing scoliosis later in development is poorly understood and controversial. The professional opinions vary from ‘there is no correlation’ between these diagnostic entities to a strong [....] » Read More
Background And Aims: General Medical Council (GMC) and Health Education England (HEE) emphasise the importance of continuous learning for doctors (NHS, 2016) (HEE, 2016). The GMC’s (2015) Promoting Excellence states it is the responsibility of clinical departments to provid [....] » Read More
Introduction: The World Health Organization defines Preterm Birth (PTB) as “a live birth taking place before the expected 37 weeks of gestation”. Annually, approximately 15 million infants are born prematurely, constituting significantly to infant mortality during the [....] » Read More
Purpose: Adverse events following paediatric spinal deformity surgery in the United Kingdom suffers from significant reporting gaps, as current data relies predominantly on voluntary incident submissions. This retrospective study seeks to comprehensively assess the incidence of a [....] » Read More
Prompt antibiotic treatment is essential in neonatal sepsis. NICE guidelines recommend administering antibiotics within one hour (the ‘golden hour’) of the decision to treat. Following local guidelines, for babies with two or more risk factors present at birth, [....] » Read More
Title : These speaking hands
Jeanne Magagna, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, United Kingdom
I will show through music, pictures and videos adults’ meaningful hand gestures and the baby’s hands conveying what the baby is experiencing both physically and emotionally when alone and in relation to others. NICU babies with nasogastric tube [....] » Read More
Title : Etiology understanding of the anatomical disruption of the craniofacial bones in children is a corner stone for a proper management
Ali Al Kasissi, Orthopedic Hospital Speising, Austria
Instant clinical recognition of abnormal craniofacial contour can facilitate the diagnostic process and enhance proper management. Overlooking minor or major anatomical disruptions of the craniofacial bones can lead to endless sophisticated unnecessary and time consuming investig [....] » Read More
Title : Nourishing the future: A process improvement project to standardize and enhance feeding strategies for Late Preterm Infants (LPIs)
Ann L Smith, Novant Health Forsyth Medical Center, United States
Context: This project took place in a 25-bed Mother-Baby Unit and a 56-bed Level 3 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in North Carolina, aimed at addressing the specialized care needs of late preterm infants (LPIs) through a statewide collaboration focused on quality improvement. [....] » Read More
Title : The effects of belinostat and long-term AsiDNA treatment on gene expression in glioblastoma
Tehreem Fatima, University of Connecticut, United States
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive primary brain tumor, is marked by high recurrence rates and poor survival outcomes. Current therapies have limited efficacy due to the tumor's ability to evade treatment by leveraging diverse molecular mechanisms. This study explores th [....] » Read More
Title : Caught in the vascular web: Airway obstruction in Infantile haemangioma – A diagnostic puzzle
Dhivya Kamala Raajan, Whittington NHS Trust, United Kingdom
Infantile haemangiomas are the most common vascular tumours in infancy, typically following a proliferative phase followed by gradual involution. Although airway haemangiomas are rare, they present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their potential to cause [....] » Read More
Title : Enhancing comfort and success in pediatric nasogastric tube insertion: Findings from a qualitative study
Jo Vrancken, PXL University College, Belgium
The presentation will begin with an introduction to the topic of nasogastric tube insertion (NTI) in pediatric care, highlighting its significance and the common challenges associated with it, such as pain and distress for children. The background section will provide an overview [....] » Read More
Title : Small body, big heart
Abeer Elhaj, HaEmek Medical Center, Israel
ALCAPA Syndrome: A Case of Failure to Thrive and Feeding difficulty in a 3-Month-Old Infant. Background: Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA) also known as Bland-White-Garland syndrome, is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly occurring in approximately [....] » Read More
Title : Influence of environmental factors on mineralization of dental hard tissues
Nana Suladze, International Dental Centre ISO, Georgia
Introduction: The important task of medical ecology is to examine the accumulation of the air harmful compounds in the human body's tissues and organs. Environmental pollution can be defined by physical and chemical methods and biological indicators: teeth, bones, hair, blood [....] » Read More
Title : Neurodevelopmental outcomes at six months in neonatal sepsis survivors: A cohort study from Nepal
Swechhya Vaidya, Amrita Institue of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nepal
Background: Neonatal sepsis is a major health concern in low- and middle-income countries like Nepal, with lasting implications beyond immediate survival. This study investigates the association between neonatal sepsis and neurodevelopmental outcomes cognitive, motor, and behavio [....] » Read More
Title : Evaluation of the factors associated with anemia in neonates admitted to the neonatal unit of Maiwand Teaching Hospital: A cross-sectional study
Mansoor Aslamzai, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Afghanistan
Background: While anemia has been associated with severe outcomes in neonates, there is a lack of scientific data regarding the associated factors of this problem in newborn babies of Afghanistan; hence, this study was undertaken to fill that gap. The objective of this study was [....] » Read More
Title : Is it safe to limit screening for retinopathy of prematurity after 32 gestational weeks?
Sanja Knezevic, University of Kragujevac Serbija, Serbia
Introduction/Objective: To analyze risk factors in prematurely born children for severe form of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: Our prospective cohort study included 769 preterm infants divided according to gestational age, into three groups: group I ( [....] » Read More
Title : Zinc deficiency has an association with early childhood anemia in rural Bangladesh: An observational study
Md Moniruzzaman Mollah, Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College, Bangladesh
Introduction: Anemia is a major public health challenge worldwide that occurs with a higher prevalence in under-five children who live in rural areas. Objectives: This study was designed to find out if there is any association between zinc deficiency and anaemia in pre [....] » Read More
Title : From paper to digital growth charts in a tertiary NICU: A quality improvement project
Lauren Ferretti, Cambridge University Hospitals, United Kingdom
Background: The widespread adoption of Electronic Patient Record (EPR) Systems in neonatal units has resulted in improved accuracy of documentation, more efficient storage and retrieval of patient data, and has the environmental benefit of reduced paper use. At a tertiary ne [....] » Read More
Title : Evaluating the use of chest X-Rays in bronchiolitis: A two-cycle audit in a district general hospital
Shmaila Akram, Cwm Taf Health Board, United Kingdom
Background: Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract infection in infants, typically managed clinically without the need for routine imaging. However, inappropriate use of chest X-rays (CXRs) persists, leading to unnecessary radiation exposure, potential overtreatment wi [....] » Read More
Title : Ventilated newborns with neonatal respiratory distress in a reference neonatal intensive care unit in Algeria
K Boudhar, Mother Child Hospital of Army, Algeria
Background and Aims: We aimed to determine the etiologies and outcome of ventilated newborn with NRD in a tertiary health care center of Algeria. Methods: A retrospective recruiting was conducted over a period of five years (2017-2021), in which were included all newbo [....] » Read More
Title : Pneumothorax in the newborn
K Boudhar, Mother Child Hospital of Army, Algeria
Background and Aims: Pneumothorax occurs more frequently in the newborn period than at any other time of life and it can be a cause or complication of respiratory distress. The aims of this study was : To study the different causes of pneumothorax. Propose ways to redu [....] » Read More
Title : Recurrent group B streptococcal meningitis in two neonates following initial therapy - A case series
Bilal Tahir, James Paget University Hospital, United Kingdom
Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the most common cause of severe infection and meningitis in babies under 3 months of age. Recurrent GBS sepsis is rare but serious. We present two neonates who re-presented with GBS sepsis after initial treatment. [....] » Read More
Title : Think of a number – Human vs machine number preferencing in vital observation recording for neonates
Sinoy Joseph, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, United Kingdom
Background: Humans often prefer certain terminal digits (e.g., even numbers, zeros, or fives), while automated systems (machines) theoretically do not. This study compared the terminal-digit distribution of human-recorded versus machine-recorded neonatal heart rate and oxygen sat [....] » Read More