The prevalence of autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) varies geographically and is increasing worldwide. Numerous factors are involved in the epigenetic inheritance of these disorders to include nutritional deficits and prenatal exposures to chemicals in t [....] » Read More
Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a series of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social disorders, rigid behaviors and narrow interests.The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the prevalence of ASD has been increasing over the past 50 year [....] » Read More
Introduction: The worldwide prevalence of autism points out of 2% of the population. Although we still lack biological markers for autism, there is evidence of autism-related patterns of behavior as early as the first year of life. On the other hand, there is still much kno [....] » Read More
High Frequency Jet Ventilation (HFJV) is a form of mechanical ventilation that delivers tiny gas volumes (less than the anatomical dead space) at rapid rates. It has been used extensively in the United States and to a lesser extent in Australia to treat neonatal respiratory failu [....] » Read More
Pediatric airway emergencies remain among the most anxiety-provoking and technically challenging scenarios encountered by prehospital providers. While infrequent, these high-stakes situations demand a deep understanding of both anatomical and physiological considerations unique t [....] » Read More
Background: Feeding problems in small infants are extremely common; they are usually assessed by trained clinical observers. We describe a small device that captures continuous sucking pressures that can be used to provide information about a number of oral physiologic parameters [....] » Read More
For the past several decades, abdominal/pelvic prenatal ultrasonography (P-USG) has been the most significant technology used in obstetrics. There has been a tremendous increase in use throughout the world and there have been many improvements in the technology used. However, the [....] » Read More
Objective: Paediatric cancer is a risk for psychopathology including post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression. This study aimed to delineate how attentional, memory, and working memory biases predict psychopathology among paediatric oncology patients, relative to h [....] » Read More
Immunization remains one of the most cost-effective public health interventions, saving millions of lives from preventable diseases and disabilities. Vaccination schedules vary by age, with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, recommending complete immu [....] » Read More
Aims: Online support communities are popular among parents in developing countries looking for resources on development in infancy and childhood. This perspective article describes parent’s utilization of a Facebook community managed by professionals trained in early childh [....] » Read More
Objectives: Infertility is a major public health problem globally, including India; the etiopathogenesis of reproductive disorders amongst ethnically disparate populations is indeed complex. Cost-effective, evidence-based intervention strategies are essential for infertility cont [....] » Read More
Hepatoblastoma, though rare among pediatric cancers, is the most common pediatric liver cancer, and has seen significant advancements in diagnosis and treatment. Treatment strategies differ internationally. Complete surgical resection of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, follow [....] » Read More
Introduction: The medical use of ionizing radiation has expanded worldwide. Advanced imaging technology has opened new horizons to diagnostics and improved patient care. Radiation is energy emitted in the form of waves or particles, transmitted through an intervening medium or sp [....] » Read More
The Newborn Nursery Clinical Experience is an innovative, early exposure for medical students to the hospital setting and family medicine. Early in their second year, our medical students are immersed into the Newborn Nursery, while also experiencing the neonatal intensive care u [....] » Read More
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) affect up to 1% of all live births. They are responsible for neurodevelopmental delays initially attributed to brain damage resulting from heart surgery. Subsequently, a growing number of studies have reported that prenatal imaging can detect brain [....] » Read More
Pediatric obesity (also termed as “childhood obesity”) is a major global health crisis that, in turn, has resulted in other associated health complications, including increased risks for diabetes (including type 2 diabetes), heart disease, and high blood pre [....] » Read More
From physical & mental health development point of view, diet pattern during childhood years is a critical. Management of food and nutrition at this stage of kids (and children) shapes the development of eating behaviors and habits during adulthood. The food habits inculcated [....] » Read More
Prompt antibiotic treatment is essential in neonatal sepsis. NICE guidelines recommend administering antibiotics within one hour (the ‘golden hour’) of the decision to treat. Following local guidelines, for babies with two or more risk factors present at birth, [....] » Read More
Background: Pediatric sepsis is a life-threatening condition, with extremely high incidence and mortality among critically ill children worldwide.Patients with septic shock are susceptible to intestinal complications due to altered blood flow distribution, and these complications [....] » Read More
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine, that elaborates on many issues related to health, disease, treatment of diseases, and prevention of diseases. In this regard, Ayurveda explained several principles and conducts for healthy progeny and the birth of a healthy child. Despit [....] » Read More
Multiparametric ultrasound examinations in pediatric age groups are challenging both in terms of obtaining consent for their study and in their use. Another important challenge in this field is the definition of criteria that may be different from adult criteria both in terms of [....] » Read More
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) affects approximately one in every 1000 live births, representing the leading cause of death, severe neurological morbidity, and seizures in full-term neonates worldwide, and causing up to 20% of cases of cerebral palsy. It’s been almo [....] » Read More
In pediatric ages it often happens that congenital anatomical abnormalities, or a certain condition of the child debut with parenchymal pulmonary changes as a result of external compressions of the pulmonary airway. When children present to the pediatric hospital with recurrent r [....] » Read More
Background: Neonatal jaundice is a common clinical condition characterized by yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera due to hyperbilirubinemia. While physiological jaundice accounts for the majority of cases, infectious etiologies can lead to pathological jaundice with poten [....] » Read More
Introduction: Emergence delirium (ED) is described as a motor agitation state with restlessness, and disorientation, thrashing around and shouting or screaming. [1] The average, estimated incidence of emergence delirium ranges between 20-80%. [2] Multiple factors pertaining [....] » Read More
Introduction: This study investigates the sensory processing characteristics of infants aged 0 to 6 months, aiming to understand their sensory behaviours in comparison to peers. Recognizing the significance of sensory processing in early development, the research seeks to inform [....] » Read More
Prompt antibiotic treatment is essential in neonatal sepsis. NICE guidelines recommend administering antibiotics within one hour (the ‘golden hour’) of the decision to treat. Following local guidelines, for babies with two or more risk factors present at birth, [....] » Read More
Pediatric nutrition plays a critical role in the healthy development and growth of children, influencing both immediate well-being and long-term health outcomes. However, food insecurity—defined as the lack of consistent access to sufficient, nutritious food—poses a s [....] » Read More
According to WHO statistics, the incidence of infertility has increased in recent years, with 1 in 6 couples currently affected. Sociocultural trends have led to a growing need for and use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), resulting in a rising number of live births co [....] » Read More
The relationship between infantile sternotomies/thoracotomies and the risk of developing scoliosis later in development is poorly understood and controversial. The professional opinions vary from ‘there is no correlation’ between these diagnostic entities to a strong [....] » Read More
Background: Late preterm infants i.e.,34+0-36+6 weeks gestational-age (GA) are at higher risk for feeding difficulties, hypoglycaemia, jaundice, and re-admissions. Early postnatal care and support could influence outcomes. Aims: To evaluate: Infant characteristics, indications [....] » Read More
Introduction: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) compliance has declined post COVID, with increasing prevalence of infection outbreaks especially during winter. The objective of this Quality Improvement Project (QIP) was to improve PPE compliance to >90% amongst medical sta [....] » Read More
Title : Nourishing the future: A process improvement project to standardize and enhance feeding strategies for Late Preterm Infants (LPIs)
Ann L Smith, Novant Health Forsyth Medical Center, United States
Context: This project took place in a 25-bed Mother-Baby Unit and a 56-bed Level 3 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in North Carolina, aimed at addressing the specialized care needs of late preterm infants (LPIs) through a statewide collaboration focused on quality improvement. [....] » Read More
Title : Enhancing comfort and success in pediatric nasogastric tube insertion: Findings from a qualitative study
Jo Vrancken, PXL University College, Belgium
The presentation will begin with an introduction to the topic of nasogastric tube insertion (NTI) in pediatric care, highlighting its significance and the common challenges associated with it, such as pain and distress for children. The background section will provide an overview [....] » Read More
Title : We’re all in this together the benefits of multidisciplinary learning in pediatrics and neonatal medicine
Heather Hanna, Imperial College, United Kingdom
Multidisciplinary Education is very important in the world of Paediatric and Neonatal Medicine as we endeavour to deliver holistic provision to the children in our care. The underlying pedagogy is designed not only to increase knowledge, but also to equip the Healthcare Professio [....] » Read More
Title : Etiology understanding of the anatomical disruption of the craniofacial bones in children is a corner stone for a proper management
Ali Al Kaissi, Ilizarov Institute Traumatology and Orthopedics, Russian Federation
Instant clinical recognition of abnormal craniofacial contour can facilitate the diagnostic process and enhance proper management. Overlooking minor or major anatomical disruptions of the craniofacial bones can lead to endless sophisticated unnecessary and time consuming investig [....] » Read More
Title : Brave new world emerging ethical dilemmas in a transforming digital world
Heather Hanna, Imperial College, United Kingdom
When we consider the future of Pediatrics, we can think of transformations that have already affected our patients and their families in terms of digital advances with corresponding ethical dilemmas. We need to consider the benefits and challenges for ethical debate in a digital [....] » Read More
Title : Brave new world emerging ethical dilemmas in a transforming digital world
Adonna Francis, Imperial College, United Kingdom
When we consider the future of Pediatrics, we can think of transformations that have already affected our patients and their families in terms of digital advances with corresponding ethical dilemmas. We need to consider the benefits and challenges for ethical debate in a digital [....] » Read More
Title : A systematic review on the use of artificial intelligence in the neonatal intensive care unit: Far beyond the potential impact
Pilar Saenz Gonzalez, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain
Objective: To explore the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), identifying key trends in AI-driven technologies and their roles in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of neonatal conditions. Methods: A PRISMA-guided systematic r [....] » Read More
Title : Exercise and mental health
Nicola Webster, Tasmanian Health Service, Australia
The benefits of exercise for improving physical and mental health are well known; but it could be argued that we are not using it as a therapeutic intervention as well as we could. The rates of mental health conditions, particularly anxiety and depression, in our young adult popu [....] » Read More
Title : Updates and controversies in monitoring oxygenation in NICUs
Pilar Saenz Gonzalez, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain
Neonates, particularly preterm infants, maintain a delicate balance between oxygen supply and consumption due to their underdeveloped organs. Ensuring normoxia in premature infants is crucial, given their immature antioxidant systems. Furthermore, neonatologists still face uncert [....] » Read More
Title : Small body, big heart
Abeer Elhaj, HaEmek Medical Center, Israel
ALCAPA Syndrome: A Case of Failure to Thrive and Feeding difficulty in a 3-Month-Old Infant. Background: Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA) also known as Bland-White-Garland syndrome, is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly occurring in approximately [....] » Read More
Title : Newborn jaundice is always a challenge
Biljana Vuletic, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
The appearance of jaundice in every newborn, regardless of gestational age, which lasts 14 days (even though they are breastfeeding)should be examined for differential diagnosis.The examination involves initial, basal laboratory analyzes (conjugated bilirubin, aminotra [....] » Read More
Title : Probiotics in NICU The good the bad and the ugly
Vlad Dima, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Romania
The gut microbiome is a dynamic environment, seeded during infancy, that stimulates the immune response and supports healthy human development. The microbial flora in the newborn's gut is influenced by many factors, including maternal microbiota, mode of delivery (cesarean vs [....] » Read More
Title : Is it safe to limit screening for retinopathy of prematurity after 32 gestational weeks?
Sanja Knezevic, University of Kragujevac Serbija, Serbia
Introduction/Objective: To analyze risk factors in prematurely born children for severe form of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: Our prospective cohort study included 769 preterm infants divided according to gestational age, into three groups: group I ( [....] » Read More
Title : Recurrent group B streptococcal meningitis in two neonates following initial therapy - A case series
Bilal Tahir, James Paget University Hospital, United Kingdom
Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the most common cause of severe infection and meningitis in babies under 3 months of age. Recurrent GBS sepsis is rare but serious. We present two neonates who re-presented with GBS sepsis after initial treatment. [....] » Read More
Title : Integrating mental health into pediatric care: A literature review on resilience building interventions for children and adolescents in the United States of America
Clement Avoka, Allegheny County Health Department, United States
Globally, mental health disorders are among the leading causes of disability in children and adolescents, with depression, anxiety, and behavioral disorders affecting an estimated 1 in 7 young people (1). The rapid rise in environmental, social, and technological stressors, inclu [....] » Read More
Title : Zinc deficiency has an association with early childhood anemia in rural Bangladesh: An observational study
Md Moniruzzaman Mollah, Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College, Bangladesh
Introduction: Anemia is a major public health challenge worldwide that occurs with a higher prevalence in under-five children who live in rural areas. Objectives: This study was designed to find out if there is any association between zinc deficiency and anaemia in pre [....] » Read More
Title : Evaluation of long term respiratory complications in infants with perinatal COVID 19 a pilot study
Vasudevan Mukundan, Hywell Dda University Health Board, United Kingdom
Background: While COVID-19 has been extensively studied in adults and older children, little is known about the long-term respiratory sequelae in neonates infected perinatally. Given that alveolarization continues during the first years of life, neonatal COVID-19 may affect subse [....] » Read More
Title : From paper to digital growth charts in a tertiary NICU: A quality improvement project
Lauren Ferretti, RCPCH, United Kingdom
Background: The widespread adoption of Electronic Patient Record (EPR) Systems in neonatal units has resulted in improved accuracy of documentation, more efficient storage and retrieval of patient data, and has the environmental benefit of reduced paper use. At a tertiary ne [....] » Read More