Disparities in access, infrastructure, and resources present persistent global health challenges in neonatal and pediatric care. Neonatal mortality remains highest in low-income regions due to preventable causes such as birth asphyxia, infections, and preterm complications. Immunization gaps, malnutrition, and lack of skilled birth attendants amplify vulnerability. Pediatric care systems worldwide struggle with shortages in trained professionals and unequal distribution of essential medicines. Climate change, pandemics, and displacement also disrupt service delivery. Global health challenges in neonatal and pediatric care require coordinated strategies including health system strengthening, telehealth adoption, maternal education, and evidence-based public health interventions. Collaborative international efforts, sustainable funding models, and policy reforms are key to bridging gaps and ensuring every child has a chance to thrive.