The first weeks of life are marked by rapid growth and development, making neonatal nutrition and feeding practices central to short- and long-term outcomes. Breast milk remains the gold standard due to its immunological and developmental benefits, yet many infants—especially preterm—require individualized fortification and supplemental feeding strategies. Human milk banks, donor screening, and tailored nutrient formulations have advanced neonatal care, especially for those in the NICU. Enteral feeding techniques are closely monitored to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis, while parenteral nutrition ensures adequate intake in critically ill neonates. Innovations such as human milk analyzers and non-invasive gastric motility assessments are enhancing feeding precision. Neonatal nutrition and feeding practices increasingly reflect a balance of science, ethics, and caregiving, ensuring every infant receives optimal nourishment.