Providing specialized support to the most fragile newborns, neonatal intensive care and NICU practices focus on managing complications that arise in the earliest days of life. From advanced respiratory support and thermoregulation to infection control and neurodevelopmental monitoring, NICUs offer a highly controlled environment tailored to the unique physiology of premature and critically ill infants. Innovations such as bedside imaging, minimally invasive surfactant therapy, and individualized care plans based on real-time analytics have transformed neonatal care delivery. Equally vital are the roles of parental engagement, family-integrated care, and developmental interventions that go beyond clinical survival. With growing emphasis on long-term outcomes, NICU practices increasingly integrate follow-up programs and neuroprotective strategies, reaffirming a commitment to both immediate survival and lifelong health trajectories.