Recent advances in pediatric and neonatal surgery have significantly reduced perioperative risks while improving survival rates and functional outcomes in complex congenital and acquired conditions. Minimally invasive and robotic-assisted techniques allow for reduced tissue trauma, shorter hospital stays, and faster recoveries. Fetal surgery innovations now make it possible to intervene before birth, altering the prognosis for certain anomalies. Surgeons collaborate with neonatologists, anesthesiologists, and intensivists to plan procedures that account for fragile physiology, especially in premature or low-birth-weight infants. Advances in pediatric and neonatal surgery also include image-guided techniques, enhanced postoperative pain management, and personalized surgical planning using 3D modeling. These innovations have reshaped the boundaries of what can be safely corrected at the earliest stages of life, setting new standards in surgical care.