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Fragile lungs, immature surfactant systems, and limited respiratory drive make newborns susceptible to neonatal respiratory disorders. Conditions such as respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea, and pulmonary hypertension demand prompt, tailored interventions. Advances in non-invasive ventilation, surfactant replacement, and nitric oxide therapy have significantly reduced mortality rates. Antenatal steroid administration and postnatal respiratory support strategies continue to evolve in sync with neonatal physiology. The emphasis on gentle ventilation techniques and lung-protective strategies has led to better long-term pulmonary outcomes. Neonatal respiratory disorders remain a major contributor to NICU admissions, prompting continued innovation in diagnosis, treatment, and family education regarding home oxygen and monitoring after discharge.
