Digestive and liver-related illnesses in children require the nuanced expertise found in pediatric gastroenterology and hepatology. These specialists manage a range of conditions from inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease to biliary atresia and metabolic liver disorders. Pediatric presentations often differ from adult manifestations, making age-specific diagnostic criteria essential. With the advent of non-invasive imaging, endoscopic innovations, and targeted biologic therapies, disease monitoring and symptom control have seen significant improvements. Nutritional therapy plays a critical role in long-term management, especially in growth-sensitive phases. Additionally, liver transplantation and advanced hepatobiliary care have become viable options even in very young patients, pushing the boundaries of survival and quality of life. Integrating genetics, microbiome science, and immunology into this field has opened new avenues for personalized treatment protocols tailored to pediatric needs.