As scientific progress accelerates, pediatric vaccinology and immunotherapy have become critical in both disease prevention and treatment. Beyond routine vaccines, this field explores therapeutic immunizations for conditions like asthma, food allergies, and autoimmune diseases. mRNA platforms and nanoparticle carriers now enable rapid vaccine development and improved immunogenicity. Immunotherapy in pediatrics, particularly for oncology, immunodeficiency, and allergic conditions, leverages monoclonal antibodies and cellular therapies to tailor responses. Ensuring age-appropriate immune activation without adverse outcomes is central to pediatric application. Global vaccination equity, cold-chain logistics, and public trust are recurring themes. Pediatric vaccinology and immunotherapy symbolize the fusion of innovation, policy, and ethical responsibility in shaping child health globally.