Breakthroughs in stem cell and regenerative medicine in neonatology are transforming how we approach previously irreversible conditions in newborns. Stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood, placenta, or autologous sources hold potential for repairing damaged organs, treating metabolic disorders, and reversing hypoxic-ischemic injuries. Researchers are exploring how mesenchymal stem cells can reduce inflammation in bronchopulmonary dysplasia and enhance neurodevelopmental outcomes after neonatal brain injuries. These regenerative therapies are being studied in tandem with advances in biomaterials and targeted delivery systems to optimize efficacy. Ethical considerations and long-term safety remain central to clinical translation. Stem cell and regenerative medicine in neonatology not only represents a therapeutic frontier but also opens pathways for personalized, tissue-specific interventions that could revolutionize neonatal intensive care.