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Paediatric lymphatic malformations (LMs) constitute a complex and challenging spectrum of congenital anomalies characterized by abnormal growth and development of the lymphatic system in infants and children. These malformations, arising from dysregulated lymph angiogenesis, manifest as benign yet locally invasive masses with a diverse range of clinical presentations. Typically discovered during infancy or early childhood, Paediatric LMs can affect various anatomical regions, including the head and neck, axilla, trunk, and extremities. The clinical course of LMs is highly variable, with some lesions remaining asymptomatic while others may cause disfigurement, functional impairment, or complications such as infection or bleeding. Diagnosis often involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies (ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans), and, in some cases, biopsy for confirmation. Treatment approaches are individualized and may include observation, medical management, or a combination of sclerotherapy, surgical excision, or laser therapy. Multidisciplinary collaboration involving Paediatricians, radiologists, surgeons, and other specialists is crucial for comprehensive care. Despite advances in understanding and managing Paediatric LMs, the condition poses ongoing challenges, and ongoing research aims to refine diagnostic techniques and therapeutic strategies, ultimately improving outcomes and quality of life for affected children and their families.
