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Paediatric pericarditis is a complex and multifaceted inflammatory condition affecting the pericardium, the thin sac surrounding the heart, in children and adolescents. Characterized by the inflammation of the pericardial layers, this condition poses a unique set of challenges in the Paediatric population. The etiology of Paediatric pericarditis is diverse, ranging from infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi to non-infectious causes like autoimmune disorders, connective tissue diseases, and neoplastic conditions. The clinical presentation varies widely, encompassing symptoms such as chest pain, fever, dyspnea, and, in severe cases, cardiac tamponade. Timely diagnosis is crucial, often relying on a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and, at times, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Despite its relatively rare occurrence in the Paediatric population, the potential for complications, including constrictive pericarditis and chronic inflammation, underscores the importance of prompt and accurate management. Treatment strategies typically involve anti-inflammatory medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids, tailored to the underlying cause. Close monitoring and follow-up are essential to assess response to treatment and identify any potential complications. Collaboration among Paediatric cardiologists, rheumatologists, infectious disease specialists, and other healthcare professionals is vital to ensure a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to the management of Paediatric pericarditis. As our understanding of the condition continues to evolve, ongoing research aims to refine diagnostic criteria, optimize treatment regimens, and enhance long-term outcomes for children and adolescents affected by this challenging inflammatory cardiac disorder.
