Human milk fortification is a critical nutritional intervention designed to optimize the growth and development of preterm infants, acknowledging the unique composition of human breast milk and its potential inadequacies in meeting the heightened nutritional demands of these vulnerable neonates. This intricate process involves augmenting the nutritional content of mother's milk with specific nutrients, primarily protein, minerals, and vitamins, to bridge the nutritional gaps that may exist in the premature infant's diet. The goal is to emulate the nutrient composition of term breast milk, fostering optimal growth, organ development, and overall health in preterm infants who are at an increased risk of nutrient deficiencies. The fortification process is meticulously tailored to the individual needs of each preterm infant, considering factors such as gestational age, weight, and clinical condition. Various fortification methods exist, ranging from human milk fortifiers to the use of standardized fortification protocols, allowing healthcare providers to customize nutritional support based on the unique requirements of each neonate. This approach not only addresses the immediate nutritional needs but also contributes to long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes, reducing the risk of complications associated with preterm birth. Despite its unquestionable benefits, challenges such as ensuring optimal nutrient absorption and minimizing the risk of overnutrition underscore the ongoing research and innovation in the field of human milk fortification, striving for advancements that will further enhance the health outcomes of preterm infants.