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Neonatal cancer is an uncommon disease that consists of a diverse collection of neoplasms with a wide range of histological characteristics. Almost all kinds of paediatric cancer can affect foetuses and newborns; however, the presentation and behaviour of neonatal tumours differs significantly from that of older children, resulting in disparities in diagnosis and treatment. Although the origins of neonatal cancer are unknown, genetic factors are likely to play a role. There are frequently other congenital anomalies present. Neonatal tumours are cancers that develop in the first month of life and account for 2% of all childhood cancers. Understanding the distribution and behaviour of these tumours will allow us to discover the underlying mechanisms, predict survival, and customise clinical care for each disease. Treatments vary according to centre and pathology, and many infants with congenital tumours receive no therapy. Because of these features, as well as the rarity of newborn malignancies, determining the appropriate treatment and factors impacting survival is difficult.
