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Cataracts in children, a condition characterized by the clouding of the eye's natural lens, present a unique and challenging aspect of Paediatric ophthalmology. Unlike the more common occurrence of cataracts in older adults, Paediatric cataracts manifest in infants and young children, impacting their visual development during critical stages. These opacities can be congenital, resulting from genetic factors, metabolic disorders, or intrauterine infections, and may also develop later in childhood due to trauma, inflammation, or certain medications. The consequences of untreated Paediatric cataracts are profound, potentially leading to irreversible vision impairment or blindness. Timely diagnosis is crucial, often requiring vigilant screening in new-borns and early infancy, as well as advanced imaging techniques to assess the extent of lens clouding. Surgical intervention, typically in the form of cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation, is the primary treatment approach, and the choice of intraocular lens power is critical to optimizing visual outcomes. Postoperative management involves ongoing monitoring for complications such as inflammation, amblyopia (lazy eye), and refractive errors. Successful management often necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, involving Paediatricians, geneticists, and rehabilitation specialists to address the complex underlying causes and associated conditions. Despite advances in surgical techniques and lens technology, the management of Paediatric cataracts remains intricate, requiring a tailored approach to each case to maximize the potential for visual rehabilitation. Vigilance, early intervention, and comprehensive care are pivotal in navigating the intricate landscape of Paediatric cataracts and mitigating the potential long-term impact on a child's visual health and development.
